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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling
Published on: July 4, 2007
In retirement migration, who counts? A methodological question with economic policy implications
William H Haas1, Don E Bradley, Charles F Longino
1Department of Sociology, One University Heights, University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC 28804-8508, USA. Haas@UNCA.edu
Purpose:
We examine the methodological and economic policy implications of three operations of retirement migration.
Design And Methods:
We compared the traditional age-based definition of retirement migration and two retirement-based definitions, based on degree of labor-force participation and retirement income, by using the 2000 U.S. Census Public Use Microdata Sample.
Results:
The age-based definition overestimated the number of retired migrants, although the ranking of host and donor states remained relatively stable; nevertheless, states revealed different rates of change in inmigration and outmigration and income streams declined.
Implications:
Retirement-based definitions are more useful and precise for those researchers considering the economic implication of retirement migration.
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