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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies
Published on: April 11, 2021
Dialysis and nanotechnology: now, 10 years, or never?
W H Fissell1, H D Humes, A J Fleischman
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. wfissell@umich.edu
Abstract:
Nanotechnology, defined as the science of material features between 10(-9) and 10(-7) of a meter, has received extensive attention in the popular press as proof-of-concept experiments in the laboratory are published. The inevitable delay between feature articles and clinical endpoints has led to unwarranted skepticism about the applicability of the technology to current medical therapy. The theoretic advantages of micro- and nanometer scale engineering to renal replacement include the manufacture of high-hydraulic permeability membranes with implanted sensing and control structures. Recent data in membrane design and testing is presented, with a review of the challenges remaining in implementation of this technology.
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