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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrospinal Fluid01:21

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain.
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen. The...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
06:59

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

Spontaneous CSF Leaks From the Temporal Bone.

B E Mostafa

    Skull Base Surgery
    |January 1, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary

    Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks from the temporal bone, though rare, are increasingly reported. Surgical repair via a transmastoid extradural technique proved effective with no recurrences in 14 cases.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurosurgery
    • Otolaryngology
    • Skull Base Surgery

    Background:

    • Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks from the temporal bone are uncommon but increasingly recognized.
    • These leaks can present with varied symptoms including hearing loss, otorrhea, middle ear masses, and facial nerve deficits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report on a series of 14 cases of spontaneous temporal bone CSF leaks.
    • To detail the diagnostic methods and surgical outcomes for these patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Case series of 14 patients with spontaneous temporal bone CSF leaks.
    • Diagnostic imaging included computed tomography (CT), CT cisternography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
    • Surgical treatment utilized a transmastoid extradural approach.

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    In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

    Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
    06:59

    Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

    Published on: February 29, 2020

    A Revised Surgical Approach to Induce Endolymphatic Hydrops in the Guinea Pig
    06:05

    A Revised Surgical Approach to Induce Endolymphatic Hydrops in the Guinea Pig

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    In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy
    06:22

    In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy

    Published on: July 29, 2019

    Main Results:

    • The primary site of defect was the tegmen in all cases, with two also involving the posterior fossa.
    • Presenting symptoms varied, including hearing loss, external CSF leaks, middle ear masses, and facial paresis.
    • All 14 patients underwent successful surgical repair with no reported recurrences during a mean follow-up of 1.2 years.

    Conclusions:

    • Spontaneous temporal bone CSF leaks, while rare, require prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention.
    • The transmastoid extradural technique is an effective surgical option for managing these defects.
    • Long-term follow-up indicates a high success rate with no recurrence after surgical treatment.