[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Listeria in a patient with cirrhosis: Case report]

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Gastroenterology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium commonly found in animals, posing a risk to humans, particularly immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women.
• Peritonitis, an inflammation of the peritoneum, can be caused by Listeria monocytogenes, presenting as a rare but severe clinical condition.
• Alcoholic cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for various infections, including invasive bacterial diseases.

Observation:

• A 31-year-old male with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis presented with ascites, abdominal pain, and fever.
• Peritoneal fluid analysis revealed the presence of Listeria monocytogenes.
• The patient exhibited symptoms indicative of peritonitis.

Findings:

• The patient was treated with cefotaxime, followed by ampicillin and levofloxacin.
• Despite medical intervention, the patient discontinued treatment and unfortunately died two weeks later.
• This case highlights the aggressive nature of Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis in patients with underlying liver disease.

Implications:

• Early diagnosis and prompt, specific antimicrobial therapy are critical for managing Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis.
• This case underscores the importance of considering Listeria monocytogenes in the differential diagnosis of peritonitis, especially in patients with cirrhosis.
• Further research into optimal treatment strategies and preventative measures for Listeria monocytogenes infections in vulnerable populations is warranted.