Postoperative glycemic control after central pancreatectomy for mid-gland lesions

Patients undergoing partial pancreatectomy are at risk for developing surgically induced diabetes. Patients with lesions in the neck and body of the pancreas are at increased risk because traditional resectional approaches (pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy) must be extended to remove the tumor with adequate margins. Increasingly, we have been performing pancreatic parenchyma-sparing resections (central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy) in an effort to reduce the risk of postpancreatectomy endocrine insufficiency.

The operative records of patients who underwent pancreatectomy at our institution from 1999 to 2005 were reviewed. We identified 26 patients who underwent central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction for cystic lesions (n = 23), neuroendocrine tumors (n = 2), and Frantz's tumor (n = 1). Charts were reviewed for patient demographics, volume of resection, complications, and evaluation of postoperative glycemic control.

The mean follow-up was 33 months (range 3-72 months). The average volume of pancreas resected was 49.6 +/- 38.6 cm(3), and the mean diameter of the lesions was 2.6 +/- 1.5 cm. Nine complications occurred in eight patients (overall morbidity 31%), and the average length of stay was 6.9 +/- 2.7 days. Pancreatic leaks (n = 2; 7.7%) were successfully managed nonoperatively. There was no operative mortality, and there has been no tumor recurrence. None of the patients were diabetic preoperatively. Postoperatively, two (7.7%) developed endocrine insufficiency with a mean postoperative hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value of 7.65%. Neither patient has required exogenous insulin. HbA1c in the remaining patients was 5.9% +/- 0.5%.

Pancreatic parenchyma-sparing surgery for lesions in the midportion of the gland can be performed with acceptable morbidity. Postoperative glycemic control after pancreatic parenchyma-sparing surgery compares favorably with that reported for patients with traditional resections.