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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis
09:42

Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis

Published on: June 26, 2019

Tumor microenvironment abnormalities: causes, consequences, and strategies to normalize.

Dai Fukumura1, Rakesh K Jain

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L Steele Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. dai@steele.mgh.harvard.edu

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|December 16, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Solid tumors create abnormal tumor vasculature and a harsh microenvironment, hindering drug delivery and treatment efficacy. Anti-angiogenic therapy can normalize tumor vessels, improving drug and oxygen delivery for better therapeutic outcomes.

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A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
09:52

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

Published on: September 20, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis
09:42

Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis

Published on: June 26, 2019

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
09:52

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

Published on: September 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Solid tumors comprise neoplastic and stromal cells within an extracellular matrix, influenced by their microenvironment.
  • Tumor cells and their microenvironment dictate gene expression, leading to abnormal tumor vasculature and physiological barriers.
  • Tumor-induced physical and metabolic stresses, including elevated interstitial fluid pressure, hypoxia, and acidosis, impede therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiological characteristics of solid tumors.
  • To identify the barriers to therapeutic agent delivery in solid tumors.
  • To explore the potential of anti-angiogenic therapy in overcoming these barriers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of tumor microenvironment and vascular abnormalities.
  • Analysis of the impact of tumor stress on therapeutic delivery.
  • Evaluation of anti-angiogenic therapy's role in normalizing tumor vasculature.

Main Results:

  • Tumor cell proliferation causes solid stress, compressing vessels and increasing interstitial fluid pressure.
  • Vascular leakiness and poor lymphatic function exacerbate elevated interstitial fluid pressure.
  • Hypoxia and acidosis within the tumor microenvironment reduce treatment effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal tumor vasculature and microenvironment present significant barriers to cancer therapy.
  • Anti-angiogenic therapy offers a strategy to normalize tumor vessels, enhancing drug and oxygen delivery.
  • Combination therapies involving anti-angiogenic agents show clinical promise for improved cancer treatment outcomes.