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Group I but not group II NPV induces antiviral effects in mammalian cells

Changyong Liang1, Jianhua Song, Zhihong Hu

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.

Science in China. Series C, Life Sciences
|December 19, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Group I Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) stimulates antiviral activity in human cells, unlike Group II NPVs. This antiviral effect was observed even without transgene expression, suggesting a unique mechanism for Group I NPVs.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) classification into Group I and Group II is based on phylogenetic analysis.
  • Group I NPVs, like Autographa californica multiple NPV (AcMNPV), are known to transduce mammalian cells, whereas Group II NPVs, such as Helicoverpa armigera single NPV (HaSNPV), reportedly cannot.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of Group I and Group II NPVs on antiviral activity in mammalian cells.
  • To determine if AcMNPV can induce antiviral responses in human hepatoma cells and elucidate the mechanism behind this activity.

Main Methods:

  • Infection of human hepatoma (SMMC-7721) and mammalian (BHK, L929) cell lines with AcMNPV, HaSNPV, and Spodoptera exigua multiple NPV (SeMNPV).
  • Assessment of antiviral activity by measuring the replication of Vesicular Stomatitis virus (VSV).
  • Analysis of interferon-alpha/beta induction and transgene expression in response to AcMNPV infection.

Main Results:

  • AcMNPV demonstrated the ability to stimulate antiviral activity in human SMMC-7721 cells, significantly inhibiting VSV replication.
  • Group II NPVs (HaSNPV and SeMNPV) did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on VSV replication in the tested cell lines.
  • Recombinant AcMNPV induced interferon-alpha/beta in human cells independently of transgene expression, but mediated transgene expression in other mammalian cells without inducing antiviral activity.

Conclusions:

  • Group I NPVs, exemplified by AcMNPV, possess the capability to activate innate antiviral responses in human cells.
  • The antiviral activity induced by AcMNPV in human cells appears to be independent of its gene transduction capabilities.
  • This study highlights a distinct biological function of Group I NPVs in stimulating host antiviral immunity, differentiating them from Group II NPVs.

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