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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma
10:02

Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

Immune response and immunotherapy to Cryptococcus infections.

Qing Zhou1, William J Murphy

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.

Immunologic Research
|December 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Cryptococcus neoformans infections are dangerous in immunocompromised individuals, often leading to fatal meningitis. This review examines host immunity and immunotherapies for cryptococcosis.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus causing severe infections in immunocompromised individuals, including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and after bone marrow transplantation (BMT).
  • Dissemination of C. neoformans to the brain frequently results in life-threatening meningitis and meningoencephalitis.
  • Cryptococcosis represents a significant global health challenge, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the complex interactions between the host immune system and Cryptococcus neoformans.
  • To analyze the existing landscape of immunotherapeutic strategies for managing cryptococcosis.
  • To provide insights into potential future directions for treating fungal infections.

Main Methods:

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Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma
10:02

Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

  • Literature review of scientific articles and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of research on host-pathogen interactions in cryptococcosis.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of immune evasion mechanisms employed by C. neoformans.
  • Discussion of the role of various immune cells and cytokines in controlling or failing to control fungal growth.
  • Overview of established and experimental immunotherapies, including their efficacy and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of cryptococcosis requires a deep understanding of host immune responses.
  • Immunotherapy holds promise as an adjunct or alternative treatment for cryptococcosis.
  • Further research into host-pathogen dynamics is crucial for developing novel and improved therapeutic strategies.