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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Endogenous testosterone and endothelial function in postmenopausal women.

Tiziana Montalcini1, Gaetano Gorgone, Carmine Gazzaruso

  • 1Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica G. Salvatore, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.

Coronary Artery Disease
|December 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Postmenopausal women

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence rises in postmenopausal women, linked to hormonal shifts.
  • Estrogen decline is a known factor, but estrogen therapy hasn't fully protected against cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • The role of androgens in postmenopausal cardiovascular health remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between endogenous sex hormones and endothelial function in postmenopausal women.
  • To specifically examine the relationship between androgens and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD).

Main Methods:

  • Sixty postmenopausal women were assessed for clinical and biochemical parameters.
  • Endothelial function was evaluated using ultrasound to measure brachial artery FMD.
  • Statistical analysis, including correlation and tertile comparisons, was performed.

Main Results:

  • Testosterone levels showed a positive correlation with FMD (beta=0.277, P=0.03) after adjusting for confounders.
  • Women in the lowest testosterone tertile exhibited significantly smaller FMD compared to those in the highest tertile (P=0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Androgen decline, not solely estrogen decline, may contribute to cardiovascular disease development post-menopause.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the potential benefits of androgen replacement therapy in specific postmenopausal populations.