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Related Experiment Videos

Air pollutants and cough.

Jesse P Joad1, Shin-ichi Sekizawa, Chao-Yin Chen

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, 2516 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. jesse.joad@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|December 19, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Air pollution, including particulate matter and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), increases cough and wheeze. Animal studies reveal pollutants alter neural control of airways, suggesting nervous system plasticity may underlie these respiratory symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies link air pollution exposure to adverse respiratory outcomes like reduced lung function.
  • Specific pollutants such as particulate matter, irritant gases, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and molds are associated with increased cough and wheeze.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on the association between various air pollutants and respiratory symptoms.
  • To explore potential mechanisms, particularly neural pathways, involved in pollutant-induced cough and wheeze, using insights from animal studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological studies on air pollution and respiratory symptoms.
  • Analysis of animal study findings investigating the effects of second-hand smoke (SHS), ozone, and allergens on neural control of airways.

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Main Results:

  • Particulate matter and mixed pollutants increase cough more than wheeze, while irritant gases increase wheeze more than cough.
  • Childhood ETS exposure is linked to adult cough and wheeze, suggesting long-term effects.
  • Animal studies demonstrate SHS exposure alters neural control, increasing cough and bronchoconstriction via mechanisms involving substance P and neuronal excitability in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).

Conclusions:

  • Air pollution exposure is strongly associated with increased cough and wheeze in humans.
  • Animal models suggest that pollutant-induced respiratory symptoms may stem from neuroplastic changes in the nervous system, affecting airway neural control.