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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Mark L Wolraich1

  • 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. mark-wolraich@ouhsc.edu

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|December 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Diagnosing and treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) requires careful assessment of symptoms and co-occurring conditions. Effective ADHD treatments include medications and behavior-modification programs, emphasizing family education and partnership.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Child and adolescent psychiatry
  • Behavioral sciences

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Accurate ADHD diagnosis necessitates comprehensive evaluation, including input from parents and teachers.
  • Considering differential diagnoses and comorbidities is crucial for effective ADHD management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic considerations for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • To describe the essential components of ADHD treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of family involvement in managing ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were applied.

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  • Information gathering involved parents and teachers.
  • Treatment efficacy was assessed for medications and behavioral programs.

    • Main Results:

    • Diagnosis requires establishing ADHD criteria and ruling out other conditions.
    • Effective ADHD management involves family education and collaborative treatment decisions.
    • Both stimulant medications, non-stimulant medications, and behavior modification programs demonstrate efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • ADHD diagnosis is complex, requiring multi-informant data and differential diagnosis.
    • Successful ADHD treatment is a partnership between clinicians and families.
    • Evidence-based treatments for ADHD include pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions.