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Related Concept Videos

Peritoneum01:21

Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
Anatomy of the Peritoneum
The peritoneum is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the anterior...
Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult body.
A...

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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis
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Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

Agents that modulate peritoneal membrane structure and function.

Jose A Diaz-Buxo1, Lazaro Gotloib

  • 1Home Therapies Development, Fresenius Medical Care North America, Lexington Massachusetts, USA. jose.diaz-buxo@fmc-na.com

Peritoneal Dialysis International : Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
|December 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Peritoneal dialysis solutions can harm the peritoneal membrane. While many additives are ineffective, some show promise in protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation, with new low-GDP solutions being particularly encouraging.

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Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis
07:11

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery
12:48

Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery

Published on: September 12, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Chronic peritoneal dialysis can lead to functional and anatomical changes in the peritoneal membrane due to bioincompatible solutions.
  • Conflicting laboratory and clinical findings complicate interpretation due to methodological variations.
  • Oxidative stress and inflammation are key pathophysiologic mechanisms involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review substances aimed at mitigating insults from peritoneal dialysis solutions.
  • To identify promising additives that improve peritoneal membrane function and understanding of pathophysiology.
  • To evaluate the impact of novel neutral pH, low glucose degradation product (GDP) solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing laboratory and clinical investigations on peritoneal dialysis solution additives.
  • Analysis of substances targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and solute/water transport.
  • Evaluation of recent clinical data on neutral pH, low-GDP peritoneal solutions.

Main Results:

  • Many tested peritoneal solution additives have proven ineffective or toxic.
  • Certain substances show potential, including those restoring negative charge, improving permselectivity, scavenging oxidants, and inhibiting/breaking advanced glycation end-products.
  • Preliminary clinical data on neutral pH, low-GDP solutions are encouraging.

Conclusions:

  • Most current peritoneal dialysis solution additives are not beneficial.
  • Further research is needed on additives that restore peritoneal function and improve biocompatibility.
  • Novel low-GDP solutions may reduce the need for specific scavengers and inhibitors, offering a promising direction.