Direct Bragg-peak phase retrieval by a hybrid-input-output algorithm with proper intensity normalization

A hybrid-input-output algorithm is applied to reconstruct hypothetical carbon cluster crystals in both two and three dimensions. It is shown that normalizing the Bragg peaks to those from a cluster of solid spheres or discs with uniform electron density can often lead to faithfully reconstructed objects at both atomic and low resolutions. It is shown that, even without the central peak, low-resolution structures can still be reconstructed with good fidelity. The effect of Bragg-peak noise on object reconstruction is examined throughout the paper. Successful reconstructions of 500- and 1000-atom carbon cluster crystal structures at both atomic and low resolutions are given.