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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Exploring m⁶A and m⁵C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Published on: March 5, 2022

Host epigenetic modifications by oncogenic viruses.

¹CR-UK Viral Oncology Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Gower Street, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. j.flanagan@ucl.ac.uk

British Journal of Cancer

|December 21, 2006

Summary

Epigenetic alterations are key in cancer development, but distinguishing early changes from later ones is challenging. Studying oncogenic viruses may reveal critical early epigenetic events in carcinogenesis.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Epigenetics
Virology

Background:

Epigenetic alterations are crucial in human cancer initiation and progression.
Differentiating early cancer-driving epigenetic changes from later consequences remains difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how oncogenic viruses, which induce transformation with few genes, can inform our understanding of critical early epigenetic alterations in cancer.

Main Methods:

This study focuses on the mechanisms of viral oncogenesis.
Analysis of viral gene expression and its impact on host cell epigenetics.

Main Results:

Oncogenic viruses utilize a limited set of viral genes for cellular transformation.
Viral mechanisms may highlight specific epigenetic modifications essential for early carcinogenesis.

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Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Exploring m⁶A and m⁵C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Published on: March 5, 2022

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 21, 2025

Conclusions:

Understanding viral carcinogenesis provides a unique model to identify critical early epigenetic alterations.
This approach can help differentiate driver epigenetic events from passenger alterations in cancer.