Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The exotic behavior of the wave evolution in Lévy crystals within a fractional medium.

Scientific reports·2023
Same author

Effect of glucosamine on intraocular pressure: a randomized clinical trial.

Eye (London, England)·2016
Same author

Dengue-induced autophagy, virus replication and protection from cell death require ER stress (PERK) pathway activation.

Cell death & disease·2016
Same author

Programmed cell death 50 (and beyond).

Cell death and differentiation·2015
Same author

Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015.

Cell death and differentiation·2014
Same author

Association of PTPN22 rs2476601 and EGFR rs17337023 Gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis in Zahedan, Southeast Iran.

International journal of immunogenetics·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
06:12

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

Published on: May 3, 2024

Cell death: programmed, apoptosis, necrosis, or other?

Z Zakeri1, W Bursch, M Tenniswood

  • 1Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center of CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.

Cell Death and Differentiation
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Physiological cell death occurs in two main types: apoptosis (Type I) and lysosome-dependent cell death (Type II). Understanding these distinct cell death mechanisms is crucial for clarifying molecular findings.

More Related Videos

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
06:12

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

Published on: May 3, 2024

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Physiological cell death is crucial for development and tissue homeostasis.
  • Two major forms of active cell death are recognized: apoptosis (Type I) and a lysosome-dependent pathway (Type II).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate and characterize the distinct morphological and molecular features of Type I and Type II cell death.
  • To re-evaluate universal aspects of physiological cell death by examining variations in cell death processes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative morphological analysis of cells undergoing Type I and Type II cell death.
  • Assessment of lysosomal system involvement and protein synthesis requirements in different cell death contexts.

Main Results:

  • Type I cell death (apoptosis) involves nuclear collapse and chromatin condensation with minimal lysosomal changes.
  • Type II cell death is characterized by lysosomal system expansion and cytoplasmic degradation preceding nuclear collapse, often requiring protein synthesis.
  • Protein synthesis is more characteristic of Type II cell death in developmental scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct morphological and biochemical pathways define Type I and Type II physiological cell death.
  • Recognizing these variations aids in understanding the fundamental biology of dying cells.
  • Further clarification of cell death morphology and biology will enhance the interpretation of molecular and biochemical data.