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Nutrition and bone growth and development.

Ann Prentice1, Inez Schoenmakers, M Ann Laskey

  • 1MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK. ann.prentice@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|December 22, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Adequate nutrition is crucial for human skeletal development and preventing bone abnormalities. Optimal bone mass and reduced osteoporosis risk depend on childhood nutrition, with key nutrients including calcium and vitamin D.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Skeletal development relies on various nutritional factors.
  • Nutrient deficiencies can cause stunting, rickets, and bone abnormalities.
  • Emerging research explores nutrition's role in optimizing peak bone mass and reducing osteoporosis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of nutrition in human skeletal growth and development.
  • To examine the impact of nutritional exposures from in utero to adolescence on bone health.
  • To discuss current understanding and future directions in nutritional guidance for bone health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of classical nutrient deficiencies and their skeletal effects.
  • Analysis of recent research on nutrition's influence on peak bone mass and osteoporosis.

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  • Examination of specific nutrients (Ca, vitamin D, protein, P) and food groups (dairy, fruits, vegetables).

    • Main Results:

    • Classical deficiencies (energy, protein, Zn, vitamin D, Cu, vitamin C) are linked to specific bone issues.
    • Childhood growth patterns and nutritional exposures significantly influence peak bone mass and fracture risk.
    • Optimal dietary reference values for bone health are not yet established.

    Conclusions:

    • While specific dietary reference values for bone health are pending, general recommendations include adequate calcium intake, optimized vitamin D status, physical activity, healthy weight, and reduced salt intake.
    • A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is advised for supporting bone growth and development.
    • Further research is needed to define optimal dietary strategies for bone health across the lifespan.