Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing Perika St. John's Wort and Sertraline for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Mice.

Journal of dietary supplements·2019
Same author

Disgusted but not afraid: Feelings toward same-sex kissing reveal subtle homonegativity.

The Journal of social psychology·2016
Same author

Effects of video exposure to cluttering on undergraduate students' perceptions of a person who clutters.

International journal of language & communication disorders·2014
Same author

An electrophysiological investigation of the effects of social rejection on self control.

The Journal of social psychology·2014
Same author

Age-dependent effects of modafinil on acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition in rats.

Behavioural brain research·2009
Same author

Evaluation of inner hair cell and nerve fiber loss as sufficient pathologies underlying auditory neuropathy.

Hearing research·2009

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Published on: January 29, 2014

Auditory processing disorder in children diagnosed with nonverbal learning disability.

Warren D Keller1, Kim L Tillery, Sandra L McFadden

  • 1East Amherst Psychology Group, East Amherst, NY, USA.

American Journal of Audiology
|December 22, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Children with nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) have a high incidence of auditory processing disorder (APD), particularly the tolerance-fading memory type. Neuropsychological assessments can reveal indicators of APD in these children.

More Related Videos

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
10:11

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Published on: January 29, 2014

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
10:11

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) is characterized by difficulties in visual-spatial, executive function, and social domains.
  • Auditory processing disorder (APD) affects how the brain interprets auditory information, impacting communication and learning.
  • The co-occurrence of NVLD and APD, especially specific subtypes, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of auditory processing disorder (APD) in children with nonverbal learning disability (NVLD).
  • To identify associations between neuropsychological, intellectual, memory, and academic measures and APD in children with NVLD.
  • To examine the prevalence of the tolerance-fading memory subtype of APD.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 18 children aged 6-18 years with NVLD underwent a central auditory processing test battery.
  • Standardized psychological and neuropsychological assessments were administered, including Wechsler Scales and the Speech Sounds Perception Test.
  • Analysis of covariance was used to compare neuropsychological test scores between groups with and without APD, controlling for IQ.

Main Results:

  • 61% of children with NVLD were diagnosed with APD, predominantly the tolerance-fading memory subtype.
  • Children with NVLD and APD exhibited significantly lower scores in Verbal IQ, Digit Span, Sentence Memory, Block Design, and Speech Sounds Perception.
  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) incidence was notably higher in children with NVLD.

Conclusions:

  • Children with NVLD are at increased risk for developing APD.
  • Specific neuropsychological assessment findings can suggest the presence of APD in children with NVLD.
  • Interdisciplinary evaluations are crucial for effective intervention in children with learning disorders.