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Related Experiment Videos

Auditory processing disorder in children diagnosed with nonverbal learning disability.

Warren D Keller1, Kim L Tillery, Sandra L McFadden

  • 1East Amherst Psychology Group, East Amherst, NY, USA.

American Journal of Audiology
|December 22, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Children with nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) have a high incidence of auditory processing disorder (APD), particularly the tolerance-fading memory type. Neuropsychological assessments can reveal indicators of APD in these children.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) is characterized by difficulties in visual-spatial, executive function, and social domains.
  • Auditory processing disorder (APD) affects how the brain interprets auditory information, impacting communication and learning.
  • The co-occurrence of NVLD and APD, especially specific subtypes, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of auditory processing disorder (APD) in children with nonverbal learning disability (NVLD).
  • To identify associations between neuropsychological, intellectual, memory, and academic measures and APD in children with NVLD.
  • To examine the prevalence of the tolerance-fading memory subtype of APD.

Main Methods:

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  • A cohort of 18 children aged 6-18 years with NVLD underwent a central auditory processing test battery.
  • Standardized psychological and neuropsychological assessments were administered, including Wechsler Scales and the Speech Sounds Perception Test.
  • Analysis of covariance was used to compare neuropsychological test scores between groups with and without APD, controlling for IQ.

    • Main Results:

    • 61% of children with NVLD were diagnosed with APD, predominantly the tolerance-fading memory subtype.
    • Children with NVLD and APD exhibited significantly lower scores in Verbal IQ, Digit Span, Sentence Memory, Block Design, and Speech Sounds Perception.
    • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) incidence was notably higher in children with NVLD.

    Conclusions:

    • Children with NVLD are at increased risk for developing APD.
    • Specific neuropsychological assessment findings can suggest the presence of APD in children with NVLD.
    • Interdisciplinary evaluations are crucial for effective intervention in children with learning disorders.