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2nd Ophthalmic Drug Development and Delivery Summit
Michelle Marra1, Hovhannes J Gukasyan, Swita Raghava
1Research Formulations, Science & Technology, Pfizer Global R&D, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer, Inc., San Diego CA 92121, USA.
Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
|December 23, 2006
Summary
This summit focused on ophthalmic drug development and delivery, covering advancements in ocular therapies and drug delivery technology. Experts discussed clinical trials, sustained delivery, and treatments for macular degeneration and retinopathy.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pharmacology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- The Second Annual Ophthalmic Drug Development and Delivery Summit convened experts to discuss advancements in ocular drug development.
- The symposium focused on cutting-edge science and networking opportunities in ophthalmic therapies.
Framework:
- Presentations covered preclinical and clinical developments in novel ophthalmic therapies and drug delivery technology.
- Key topics included clinical trial updates, study design, sustained ocular delivery, and the vitreous space as a drug reservoir.
Implementation:
- Discussions addressed new developments in age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy treatments.
- Formulation strategies, pharmacokinetic considerations, and novel ocular delivery methods and devices were explored.
Implications:
- The summit highlighted challenges and avenues for collaborative partnerships in ophthalmic drug development.
- Focus areas included neuroprotection, in vitro and in vivo models for glaucoma, and angiogenesis for efficacy estimation.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
01:22Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
01:16Drug Delivery: Overview
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
01:24Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
01:19Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview
Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
01:19Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...