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Coupling dynamic blow down and pool evaporation model for LNG.

John L Woodward¹

¹Baker Engineering and Risk Consultants, Inc., 3330 Oakwell Court, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78218-3024, United States. woodward@wbeng.com

Journal of Hazardous Materials

|December 23, 2006

Summary

Accidental liquefied natural gas (LNG) spills are better predicted using a dynamic evaporation model that accounts for time-varying discharge (blow down) and pool ignition. These factors significantly influence the maximum pool radius and spread dynamics.

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Area of Science:

Chemical Engineering
Safety Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

Accurate prediction of liquefied natural gas (LNG) pool spread is crucial for assessing risks associated with accidental releases.
Existing models often simplify dynamic effects, potentially leading to unrealistic pool radius predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and present a dynamic pool evaporation model for liquefied natural gas (LNG) spills.
To incorporate the effects of time-varying discharge (blow down) and pool ignition into the model.

Main Methods:

The study introduces a two-regime dynamic pool evaporation model.
Regime 1: Momentum forces dominate, pool spread is independent of evaporation.
Regime 2: Heat transfer dominates as pool depth decreases, establishing final pool area.

Main Results:

Pool ignition significantly reduces the maximum pool area by increasing evaporation rates.
Accounting for blow down (time-varying discharge) increases the predicted maximum LNG pool extent compared to constant discharge rates.
The maximum pool extent predicted by the model is transient, occurring momentarily before retreating.

Conclusions:

Dynamic modeling, including blow down and ignition, is essential for realistic LNG spill predictions.
Ignition leads to smaller maximum pool sizes due to enhanced evaporation.
Blow down effects can temporarily increase pool size, but this is a transient phenomenon.