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Related Concept Videos

What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of patients who died from...
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Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
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Adult human sarcomas. I. Basic science.

Joseph G Sinkovics1

  • 1Cancer Institute of St. Joseph's Hospital Affiliated with the HL Moffitt Cancer Center, The University of South Florida College of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Tampa, Florida, USA. sinkovi.joseph@baycare.org

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
|December 26, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Ancient biochemical mechanisms drive sarcoma immortality, resisting apoptosis and senescence. Targeting sarcoma oncogenes offers a promising therapeutic strategy for disease regression.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Sarcomas arise from malignant transformation of connective tissue, involving mutations and gene fusions.
  • Ancient biochemical mechanisms, preserved through evolution, contribute to the immortality of malignant cells by resisting apoptosis and senescence.
  • A 'retroviral paradox' exists: animal sarcomas are retrovirally induced, while human sarcomas lack a causative retroviral isolate, despite shared proto-oncogenes/oncogenes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a molecular biological foundation for targeting sarcoma oncogenes.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins and biochemical mechanisms underlying sarcoma development.
  • To review the role of the immune system and potential therapeutic strategies like sarcoma vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sarcoma molecular biology, evolution, and immunology.
  • Analysis of proto-oncogene and oncogene involvement in human and animal sarcomas.
  • Examination of immune responses to sarcoma cells and vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Sarcoma cells exhibit apoptosis- and senescence-resistant immortality due to ancient biochemical mechanisms.
  • Proto-oncogenes/oncogenes active in human sarcomas are similar to those found in animal sarcomas.
  • Sarcoma vaccines can elicit immune responses and enhance chemotherapy sensitivity, even without direct clinical response.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting sarcoma oncogenes is a potential therapeutic strategy for inducing disease regression.
  • Understanding the evolutionary basis of sarcoma mechanisms can inform treatment development.
  • Immune system engagement, through strategies like vaccination, may potentiate anti-cancer effects.