Obesity and knee arthroplasty

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Obesity Medicine
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Obesity is a significant risk factor for developing knee osteoarthritis.
• Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in obese patients presents challenges regarding surgical risks and implant durability.
• The impact of obesity on knee health and TKA outcomes requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the existing literature on obesity's impact on knee osteoarthritis.
• To evaluate the outcomes and risks associated with TKA in obese individuals.
• To assess the effect of TKA on pre-existing obesity.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of studies examining obesity, knee osteoarthritis, and TKA.
• Analysis of perioperative risks, implant longevity, and functional outcomes.
• Assessment of Body Mass Index (BMI) as a predictor of risk.

Main Results:

• Some studies indicate increased complications and early implant failure in morbidly obese patients.
• No definitive BMI threshold reliably separates high-risk from low-risk individuals.
• Obese patients may experience lower postoperative scores but still achieve substantial pain improvement after TKA.

Conclusions:

• While heavier patients face greater risks, TKA remains an effective pain-relieving option for obese individuals with knee arthritis.
• Comprehensive risk counseling for obese patients undergoing TKA is crucial.
• Healthcare systems must account for the additional financial and service demands associated with obese TKA patients.