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Protective effects of monoclonal antibodies against lethal canine distemper virus infection in mice
N Hirayama1, M Senda, N Nakashima
1National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the haemagglutinin (H), fusion protein (F) and nucleoprotein of canine distemper virus (CDV) were examined for their ability to protect mice against lethal CDV infection. One MAb against H and two of six MAbs against F protected mice, the protective effect of the anti-H MAb being stronger than that of the anti-F MAbs. The anti-H MAb showed virus neutralizing activity, but the two anti-F MAbs, which recognized the same epitope, did not. Protection by the anti-F MAbs correlated with cell fusion inhibition, but not with complement-dependent neutralization, complement-dependent cytolysis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results suggest that neutralization by antibody against H and cell fusion inhibition by antibody against F play important roles in the protective mechanism against CDV infection.
Insights
Monoclonal antibodies targeting canine distemper virus (CDV) proteins were tested for protection. An anti-haemagglutinin antibody provided stronger protection than anti-fusion protein antibodies, suggesting distinct protective mechanisms against CDV.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Veterinary Medicine
Background:
- Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a severe, often fatal, disease in dogs.
- Understanding the mechanisms of protective immunity against CDV is crucial for vaccine development and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the protective efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting different CDV proteins (haemagglutinin, fusion protein, nucleoprotein) in a mouse model.
- To elucidate the specific mechanisms by which these MAbs confer protection against lethal CDV infection.
Main Methods:
- Generation and characterization of MAbs against CDV haemagglutinin (H), fusion protein (F), and nucleoprotein (N).
- Assessment of MAb protection in mice challenged with a lethal dose of CDV.
- In vitro analysis of MAb-mediated virus neutralization, cell fusion inhibition, complement-dependent neutralization, complement-dependent cytolysis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Main Results:
- One anti-H MAb and two anti-F MAbs demonstrated protective effects in mice.
- The anti-H MAb exhibited stronger protection and virus neutralizing activity.
- The anti-F MAbs inhibited cell fusion but lacked virus neutralizing activity, complement-dependent neutralization, complement-dependent cytolysis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Conclusions:
- Antibody-mediated neutralization of the H protein plays a significant role in protection against CDV.
- Inhibition of cell fusion by antibodies targeting the F protein also contributes to protective immunity against CDV.
- Distinct epitopes on viral proteins elicit different protective mechanisms against CDV infection.