Maxillary sinus augmentation: evidence-based decision making with a biological surgical approach

Sinus elevation surgery has been used by the dental profession to increase bone quantity in the posterior maxilla for the placement of root-form implants. The original treatment protocol was developed using existing bone-healing theories that relied on expert opinion. In 2003 and 2004, 2 evidence-based literature reviews were published, expanding significantly on the previous review of 1996. The new reviews were based on the best studies available and were designed to present information that would help clinicians achieve more favorable outcomes. This article discusses this information and answers further questions relating to the sinus elevation procedure.