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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...

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Kinetic analysis of chlorpropamide dissolution from solid dispersions.

Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali1, Siavoush Dastmalchi

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. barzegar_jalali@yahoo.com

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy
|December 29, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Solid dispersions (SDs) enhance chlorpropamide dissolution, particularly with hydrophilic carriers and higher carrier ratios. Dissolution rates are significantly faster at higher pH, indicating improved drug delivery potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Chlorpropamide, a hydrophobic drug, exhibits poor dissolution rates.
  • Solid dispersions (SDs) are a promising approach to enhance drug solubility and bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare solid dispersions of chlorpropamide using microcrystalline cellulose.
  • To investigate the effect of carrier properties, drug-to-carrier ratio, and pH on dissolution.
  • To evaluate a novel dissolution modeling approach.

Main Methods:

  • Solvent deposition technique for solid dispersion preparation.
  • Dissolution rate studies at pH 1.1 and 7.25.
  • X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy for characterization.
  • Application of the reciprocal powered time model.

Main Results:

  • Dissolution rate increased with more hydrophilic microcrystalline cellulose grades and higher carrier ratios.
  • Significantly faster dissolution observed at pH 7.25 compared to pH 1.1.
  • Reduced drug crystallinity and particle aggregation contributed to enhanced dissolution.
  • The reciprocal powered time model provided superior data analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Solid dispersions effectively enhance chlorpropamide dissolution.
  • Carrier characteristics and pH are critical factors influencing drug release.
  • The novel dissolution model offers predictive value for drug release.