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Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.

Kevin R Flaherty¹, Fernando J Martinez

¹Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0630, USA. flaherty@umich.edu

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

|December 30, 2006

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Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is a lung disease pattern. Idiopathic NSIP presents with cough and dyspnea, often responding to treatment, but progressive cases may require lung transplantation.

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Pathology
Radiology

Background:

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is a histopathologic pattern observed in various conditions.
Clinical diagnosis of NSIP is reserved for idiopathic cases without identifiable causes.
NSIP can be associated with immunodeficiency, exposures, and connective tissue diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To define the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for idiopathic NSIP.
To outline typical radiological findings in NSIP.
To discuss treatment strategies and prognosis for NSIP patients.

Main Methods:

Histopathologic pattern analysis.
Clinical case review.
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) interpretation.

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Main Results:

Patients commonly exhibit cough, dyspnea, and reduced gas transfer.
HRCT typically shows ground-glass infiltrates.
Response to immunosuppressive therapy is often favorable.

Conclusions:

Idiopathic NSIP requires careful diagnosis excluding other causes.
Progressive NSIP carries a mortality risk.
Lung transplantation is a consideration for advanced disease.