Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Endocrine abnormalities and impaired growth in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children

Caroline J Chantry1, Margaret M Frederick, William A Meyer

  • 1University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. caroline.chantry@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|January 2, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children show lower insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels. Endocrine differences in HIV-infected children impact growth and body composition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Growth and Development

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can affect multiple organ systems, including endocrine function.
  • Understanding endocrine differences in HIV-infected children is crucial for managing their growth and body composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify endocrine differences between HIV-infected and uninfected children.
  • To evaluate the associations of growth and body composition with endocrine measures in these children.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study compared 21 HIV-infected children with 46 age- and sex-matched uninfected children.
  • Plasma levels of IGFBP-3, cortisol, DHEA, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones were measured.
  • Longitudinal models analyzed group differences and endocrine associations with growth and body composition.

Main Results:

  • HIV-infected children had significantly lower IGFBP-3 concentrations compared to uninfected children.
  • In HIV-infected children, IGFBP-3 and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to cortisol ratios were associated with weight-for-age z scores (WAZ) and body mass index z scores (BMZ).
  • DHEA concentration was associated with height-for-age z score.

Conclusions:

  • HIV infection is associated with altered IGFBP-3 concentrations in children.
  • Endocrine factors show distinct associations with growth and body composition in HIV-infected children compared to their uninfected peers.
  • Hypothesized growth hormone resistance and altered adrenal androgen production may contribute to growth abnormalities in HIV-infected children.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes09:13

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Published on: December 16, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...