Effect of composite temperature on in vitro intrapulpal temperature rise

Area of Science:

• Dental Materials Science
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Restorative Dentistry

Background:

• Dental composite restorations are widely used.
• Material handling properties can be improved by pre-heating composites.
• Potential pulpal temperature increase is a concern with heated composites.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate in vitro intrapulpal temperature changes during placement and restoration of dental composite.
• To compare temperature rise using room-temperature versus pre-heated composite (54°C and 60°C).

Main Methods:

• Human premolar Class V preparations were used with simulated pulp perfusion.
• Intrapulpal temperature was monitored using a thermocouple.
• Composite was placed at room temperature or pre-heated (54°C, 60°C) and light-cured.

Main Results:

• Pre-heated composite (54°C, 60°C) caused a statistically significant but mild increase in intrapulpal temperature (0.8°C).
• A significant temperature rise of 5°C was observed across all groups during photopolymerization.
• The curing light was the primary source of intrapulpal temperature increase.

Conclusions:

• Pre-heating dental composite to 54°C or 60°C does not significantly elevate intrapulpal temperatures in vitro.
• The photopolymerization stage poses a greater risk for intrapulpal temperature increase than using heated composite.
• Clinicians can consider using pre-heated composite without significant pulpal risk.