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Protein hormones and immunity.

Keith W Kelley1, Douglas A Weigent, Ron Kooijman

  • 1Laboratory of Integrative Immunophysiology, Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, 227 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. kwkelley@uiuc.edu

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
|January 3, 2007
PubMed
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The endocrine and immune systems communicate via shared biochemical pathways. Neuroendocrine hormones like prolactin and growth hormone regulate immune cells, while inflammatory cytokines can cause hormone resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The endocrine and immune systems exhibit significant physiological interactions.
  • Communication occurs through humoral (cytokines) and neural pathways.
  • Shared ligands and receptors facilitate bidirectional communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on neuroendocrine-immune system interactions over 20 years.
  • To highlight the role of neuroendocrine protein hormones in immunity.
  • To present new findings on cellular-level communication and endocrine resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature over the past 20 years.
  • Analysis of established communication pathways (humoral and neural).
  • Examination of hormonal influences on immune cells and vice versa.

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Main Results:

  • Neuroendocrine protein hormones (prolactin, growth hormone, IGF-I, TSH) significantly influence immunity.
  • Immune processes, particularly inflammation via cytokines, impact the neuroendocrine system.
  • A novel cellular communication route involves inflammatory cytokines causing endocrine resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The brain acts as an immune-regulating organ.
  • Bidirectional communication between endocrine and immune systems is crucial for homeostasis.
  • Inflammation-induced endocrine resistance represents a key regulatory mechanism.