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Related Experiment Videos

Red cell substitutes.

Robert M Winslow1

  • 1Sangart, Inc, and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. rwinslow@sangart.com

Seminars in Hematology
|January 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood substitutes, or oxygen-carrying plasma expanders, have evolved over a century. Current fourth-generation hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers show promise as alternatives to red blood cell transfusions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Oxygen-carrying plasma expanders (blood substitutes) have been researched for over 100 years.
  • Development is driven by advancements in understanding hemoglobin and its interaction with local blood flow for tissue oxygenation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs).
  • To highlight the progression through four generations of HBOC development.
  • To discuss the potential of fourth-generation HBOCs as transfusion alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of HBOC development.
  • Analysis of generational improvements in HBOC safety and efficacy.
  • Examination of the physiological mechanisms underlying HBOC function.

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Main Results:

  • First-generation stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) was renal toxic and vasoactive.
  • Second and third-generation products showed reduced toxicity but remained vasoactive.
  • Fourth-generation HBOCs incorporate a refined understanding of microvascular control and oxygen delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing safer and more effective HBOCs.
  • Fourth-generation HBOCs represent a new approach based on advanced physiological understanding.
  • These advanced HBOCs are poised for clinical use as alternatives to red blood cells in specific settings.