Renal ageing

The function of the kidney, as well as its morphology, changes markedly with age. The glomerular filtration rate falls progressively, independent of overt pathology. Glomerular, vascular and accompanying parenchymal changes occur and other disorders associated with ageing, such as diabetes and hypertension, have a stochastic deleterious effect on both form and function. Declining renal function with age has important implications, not only for individual homeostasis but also for the use of drug therapy and for the receipt and donation of organs for transplantation. Molecular mechanisms and cellular changes underlying some of the functional and structural changes associated with ageing are becoming clearer, as are some of the ways in which genetic background, age and disease can combine to produce functional damage.