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Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...

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Measuring mRNA Levels Over Time During the Yeast S. cerevisiae Hypoxic Response
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Yeast genomic expression patterns in response to low-shear modeled microgravity.

Kathy B Sheehan1, Kate McInnerney, Boloroo Purevdorj-Gage

  • 1Division of Health Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. Kathy.Sheehan@colorado.edu <Kathy.Sheehan@colorado.edu>

BMC Genomics
|January 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Low-shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) significantly alters gene expression in yeast cells, impacting cell polarity and budding. Most gene changes suggest a unique microgravity response, not just general environmental stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Space biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Microgravity affects cellular physiology, with implications for human spaceflight.
  • Previous studies showed phenotypic changes in yeast under low-shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG).
  • Mechanisms of microgravity sensing and gene expression changes remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the global transcriptional response of yeast cells to LSMMG.
  • To identify fundamental gene expression changes occurring under LSMMG conditions.
  • To determine if LSMMG exposure alters gene expression patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized rotating suspension culture bioreactors (high aspect ratio vessels) to model microgravity.
  • Employed DNA microarray analysis to examine global gene expression.
  • Cultured yeast cells for five and twenty-five generations under LSMMG and normal gravity.

Main Results:

  • LSMMG altered the expression of 1372 genes in yeast cells.
  • Identified genes involved in cell wall integrity and MAP kinase cascades.
  • Found that 74% of responsive genes may represent a unique microgravity transcriptional response, distinct from general environmental stress.
  • Observed significant changes in genes related to budding, cell polarity, and cell separation.

Conclusions:

  • Yeast cells exhibit a considerable transcriptional response to LSMMG.
  • Gene expression changes correlate with observed phenotypic effects on cell polarity and budding.
  • Identified signaling pathway genes and potentially unique microgravity-responsive genes.
  • Findings have implications for understanding cellular responses during human spaceflight.