Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinical Rel mutations that increase basal (p)ppGpp promote conjugal transfer of staphylococcal resistance plasmids.

Microbiology (Reading, England)·2026

Same author

The impact of bacterial purine metabolism on antibiotic efficacy.

npj antimicrobials and resistance·2025

Same author

Staphylococcus aureus COL: An Atypical Model Strain of MRSA That Exhibits Slow Growth and Antibiotic Tolerance due to a Mutation in PRPP Synthetase.

Molecular microbiology·2025

Same author

Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

High Frequency of Chronic Urticaria Following an Investigational HIV-1 BG505 MD39.3 Trimer mRNA Vaccine in a Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial (HVTN 302).

Annals of internal medicine·2025

Same author

Phenotypic heterogeneity defines B cell responses to repeated SARS-CoV-2 exposures through vaccination and infection.

Cell reports·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Screening for acute HIV infection: lessons learned.

Joanne Stekler¹, Janine Maenza, Claire E Stevens

¹Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. jstekler@u.washington.edu

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

|January 6, 2007

Summary

This study highlights unusual cases of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening. It covers "window period" testing and detecting low-level HIV RNA in antibody-negative individuals.

More Related Videos

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

Area of Science:

Virology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health Screening

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleic acid testing (NAT) is crucial for early detection of acute infections.
Public health programs increasingly utilize NAT to identify infectious individuals before antibody seroconversion.

Observation:

Presents case studies illustrating atypical scenarios in acute HIV screening.
Focuses on challenges including the diagnostic "window period" where antibodies are not yet detectable.
Documents the identification of low-level HIV RNA in specific patient cohorts.

Findings:

Demonstrates the utility of NAT in identifying acute HIV infection in antibody-negative individuals.
Highlights the detection of HIV RNA during the early, antibody-negative phase of infection.
Illustrates the successful application of nucleic acid testing in complex screening cases.

Implications:

Suggests that advanced NAT protocols can improve the detection rates of acute HIV.
Informs public health strategies for early identification and intervention of HIV transmission.
Emphasizes the importance of considering NAT for individuals at high risk, even with negative antibody tests.