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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete01:26

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
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Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

[Raman active vibrations of aluminosilicates].

Feng Pan1, Xue-hui Yu, Xuan-xue Mo

  • 1China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|January 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Raman spectroscopy reveals that higher four-coordinated aluminum content in aluminosilicates decreases Raman frequencies, linked to Si-O vibrations. This study analyzes kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite, and glasses.

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
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Area of Science:

  • Mineralogy and Materials Science: Investigating the vibrational properties of aluminosilicate minerals and glasses.

Context:

  • Aluminosilicates, including minerals like kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite, are crucial in geology and materials science.
  • Understanding their structural and vibrational characteristics is key to material properties and geological interpretations.
  • Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing molecular vibrations and structural information.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the relationship between the coordination state of aluminum and the Raman spectral features of aluminosilicates.
  • To correlate specific Raman frequency shifts with vibrational modes involving silicon-oxygen and aluminum-oxygen bonds.
  • To utilize quantum chemical calculations to support experimental Raman spectral assignments.

Summary:

  • Raman spectra of kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite, and K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses were recorded and analyzed.
  • Quantum chemical calculations of model clusters revealed a decreasing tendency in Raman frequencies (800-1200 cm⁻¹) with increased four-coordinated aluminum, attributed to Si-O stretching vibrations.
  • Raman bands between 700-800 cm⁻¹ were assigned to Al-O stretching vibrations.

Impact:

  • Provides a detailed understanding of how aluminum coordination influences the vibrational spectra of aluminosilicates.
  • Offers a method for interpreting Raman spectra to determine the structural state of aluminum in geological and synthetic materials.
  • Enhances the application of Raman spectroscopy in mineral identification and materials characterization.