Developmental toxicity evaluation of orthovanadate in the mouse

Sodium orthovanadate in deionized water was administered once daily by gavage on gestational days 6-15 to mice at doses of 0, 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg. Dams were killed on day 18 of pregnancy, and fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal defects. Maternal toxicity was observed at the highest doses of sodium orthovanadate, as evidenced by a significant number of deaths (60 and 30 mg/kg/d) and reduced weight gain and food consumption (30 and 15 mg/kg/d). Embryolethality and teratogenicity were not observed at maternally toxic doses and below, but fetal toxicity was evidenced by a significant delay in the ossification process of some skeletal districts at 30 mg/kg/d. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for maternal toxicity was 7.5 mg/kg/d, and 15 mg/kg/d represented a NOAEL for developmental toxicity in mice under the conditions of this study.