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First metatarsal bone: an anatomic study.

Ahmed G ElSaid1, Christopher Tisdel, Brian Donley

  • 1Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. elsaidag@yahoo.com

Foot & Ankle International
|January 9, 2007
PubMed
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This study analyzed first metatarsal bone variations in 239 cadavers, finding wider ranges for the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) and its increase with age. A joint between the first and second metatarsals correlated with proximal metatarsal articular angle (PMAA) lateral deviation.

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The first metatarsal bone's anatomy is crucial for foot function.
  • Understanding its variations is key for diagnosing and treating foot deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the range of anatomical variations in the first metatarsal bone.
  • To analyze angulations of articular surfaces and bone dimensions in a large cadaver sample.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 478 first metatarsal bones from 239 cadavers.
  • Measured distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), proximal metatarsal articular angle (PMAA), bone dimensions, and first-second metatarsal joint presence.
  • Correlated parameters with age, sex, race, height, and weight using a specialized computer program.

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Main Results:

  • Males and African-Americans had longer, wider metatarsals.
  • A first-second metatarsal base joint occurred in 25% of specimens.
  • DMAA averaged 8.21 degrees (range -14 to 30), increasing with age; PMAA averaged -1 degree (range -13.8 to 12.7), with lateral deviation linked to the first-second metatarsal joint.

Conclusions:

  • The DMAA exhibits a broader range than previously reported and increases with age.
  • Lateral deviation of the PMAA is associated with the presence of a first-second metatarsal joint.
  • Laterally deviated PMAA may indicate a predisposition to first metatarsal varus deformity.