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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

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Related Experiment Videos

Risk assessment for vitamin D.

John N Hathcock1, Andrew Shao, Reinhold Vieth

  • 1Council for Responsible Nutrition, Washington, DC 20036-5114, USA. jhathcock@crnusa.org

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|January 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The current vitamin D Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) may be too low. New research suggests a higher UL of 10,000 IU daily is safe and supports further health benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Emerging research highlights vitamin D's health benefits beyond bone health.
  • Current vitamin D intake recommendations may be restrictive, hindering research and policy.
  • Concerns about vitamin D toxicity exist, necessitating a review of the established UL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the safe Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for vitamin D.
  • To apply the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) risk assessment methodology for vitamin D.
  • To determine a revised, evidence-based UL for vitamin D.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of human clinical trials on vitamin D.
  • Application of the FNB risk assessment framework.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of data on vitamin D intake and toxicity.

    • Main Results:

    • The existing FNB vitamin D UL (2000 IU) is not supported by current evidence.
    • Human clinical trials show no toxicity at vitamin D doses of 10,000 IU/day.
    • Data supports a significantly higher UL for vitamin D.

    Conclusions:

    • The current UL for vitamin D is overly restrictive.
    • A revised UL of 10,000 IU (250 microg/day) for vitamin D is supported by scientific evidence.
    • This higher UL can facilitate further research and optimize nutritional policies.