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Multiple sclerosis after infectious mononucleosis.

Trine Rasmussen Nielsen1, Klaus Rostgaard, Nete Munk Nielsen

  • 1Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. trn@ssi.dk

Archives of Neurology
|January 11, 2007
PubMed
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Infectious mononucleosis significantly increases the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. This elevated risk persists for over 30 years, irrespective of patient sex, age, or infection severity.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, commonly known as infectious mononucleosis, is linked to an elevated risk of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Characteristics of the association between infectious mononucleosis and MS risk remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of sex, age at infection, time since infection, and attained age on the risk of developing MS post-infectious mononucleosis.
  • To quantify the long-term risk of MS following infectious mononucleosis.

Main Methods:

  • A large cohort study involving 25,234 individuals tested for infectious mononucleosis in Denmark.
  • Utilized national registries for patient data, including the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry.

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  • Followed the cohort from 1968 to 1996, calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for MS cases.

    • Main Results:

    • A 2.27-fold increased risk of MS (SIR = 2.27) was observed in individuals with a history of infectious mononucleosis.
    • The heightened risk of MS persisted for over 30 years post-infection.
    • No significant variation in MS risk was found across different sexes, age groups, or based on the presumed severity of infectious mononucleosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Prior infectious mononucleosis is a significant risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis.
    • The increased risk of MS following infectious mononucleosis is consistent across various demographic factors and persists long-term.
    • This association underscores the importance of understanding EBV's role in MS pathogenesis.