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Evaluation of BCG vaccination: an intervention study in Rail Region, Saudi Arabia

H Mahaba1, N Ismail, M El Teheawy

  • 1Department of MCH, Primary Health Care Administration, Directorate of Health Affairs, Hail, Saudi Arabia.

The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association
|January 1, 1995
PubMed

Insights

Improving BCG vaccination in Saudi Arabia significantly reduced failure rates. Reorganization and staff training enhanced vaccine efficacy in hospitals and health centers, ensuring better infant protection.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Immunization Practices

Background:

  • BCG vaccination is crucial for preventing tuberculosis in infants.
  • Initial inspection revealed a high failure rate (18.8%) in BCG reactions among infants in Hail region, Saudi Arabia.
  • Vaccination processes and cold chain issues were identified as potential causes for failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and address the causes of BCG vaccination failure in infants.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving BCG vaccination processes and outcomes.
  • To compare BCG vaccination success rates before and after implementing improvements.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-faceted intervention was implemented, including reorganization of vaccination processes and staff training.
  • A pre- and post-intervention survey assessed BCG vaccination failure rates in 4145 infants (2-12 months old).
  • Vaccination sites included primary health care (PHC) centers and hospitals where 80% of deliveries and vaccinations occurred.

Main Results:

  • Post-intervention, BCG vaccination failure dropped significantly from 20.4% to 4.9% in hospitals (p=0.00001) and from 7.9% to 3.2% in PHC centers (p=0.01).
  • Before intervention, hospital vaccination success (79.6%) was lower than PHC centers (92.1%).
  • After intervention, success rates became comparable: 95.1% in hospitals vs. 96.8% in PHC centers.

Conclusions:

  • Reorganization of vaccination processes and staff training effectively reduced BCG vaccination failure rates.
  • Interventions significantly improved BCG vaccine efficacy, particularly in hospital settings.
  • Continuous monitoring and re-vaccination strategies are essential for maintaining high BCG vaccination success and preventing complications.

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