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Circadian clocks: setting time by food.

J Mendoza1

  • 1Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Département de Neurobiologie des Rythmes UMR7168, CNRS et Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France. jmendoza@neurochem.u-strasbg.fr

Journal of Neuroendocrinology
|January 12, 2007
PubMed
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Mammalian circadian rhythms are regulated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and peripheral clocks. Feeding schedules, especially caloric restriction, can entrain SCN rhythms, influencing behavior and physiology.

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian circadian rhythms are governed by a hierarchical system including the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) master pacemaker and peripheral cellular oscillators.
  • The molecular clockwork involves interconnected gene expression feedback loops, operating autonomously within cells.
  • While light entrains the SCN, peripheral clocks are influenced by feeding, with limited SCN response to non-restricted feeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of central (SCN) and peripheral circadian clocks.
  • To explore how feeding schedules entrain these clocks at physiological and molecular levels.
  • To investigate the influence of food's metabolic and motivational properties on the SCN clock.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of existing literature on circadian rhythms, SCN function, and peripheral oscillators.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the effects of feeding schedules, caloric restriction, and food-related cues on circadian entrainment.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms underlying clock gene regulation by feeding.

    • Main Results:

    • Caloric restriction coupled with feeding schedules can shift SCN rhythms and gene expression, entraining them to meal times.
    • Food's reward and motivational value act as potent synchronizers for the SCN clock.
    • Food-related cues may directly or indirectly entrain SCN clock genes, potentially involving a food-entrained oscillator (FEO).

    Conclusions:

    • Energy metabolism and motivational aspects of food significantly influence the SCN circadian clock mechanism.
    • The existence and location of a dedicated food-entrained oscillator (FEO) remain to be identified.
    • Understanding feeding-mediated entrainment is crucial for comprehending the interplay between metabolism, behavior, and circadian timing.