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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...

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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

Corneal antigen presentation: molecular regulation and functional implications.

Reza Dana1

  • 1Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Department of Ophthalmology, Boston, MA 02114, USA. dana@vision.eri.harvard.edu

The Ocular Surface
|January 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Antigen-presenting cells (APC) exit the cornea via VEGFR-3 signaling, which is crucial for initiating adaptive immune responses. Understanding this APC trafficking is key for developing new immunomodulatory strategies.

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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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13:18

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells

Published on: December 29, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adaptive immune responses in the eye are initiated by corneal antigen-presenting cells (APC).
  • APC infiltration into the cornea during inflammation is well-studied.
  • The molecular mechanisms regulating APC egress from the cornea remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms governing antigen-presenting cell (APC) egress from the cornea.
  • To understand the role of VEGFR-3 signaling in APC trafficking.
  • To explore potential immunomodulatory strategies targeting APC migration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular signaling pathways involved in APC migration.
  • Investigating the role of VEGFR-3 in APC access to lymphatic vessels.
  • Functional studies on the implications of APC trafficking for immune responses.

Main Results:

  • APC egress from the cornea is critical for T cell induction in lymphoid reservoirs.
  • VEGFR-3 signaling is essential for APC access to afferent lymphatics and draining lymph nodes.
  • This discovery highlights a novel regulatory mechanism for immune cell trafficking.

Conclusions:

  • VEGFR-3 mediated signaling is a key regulator of corneal APC egress.
  • Targeting VEGFR-3 offers a promising avenue for novel immunomodulatory therapies.
  • Further research into APC trafficking can advance treatments for ocular inflammatory diseases.