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Distribution of protectin (CD59), a complement membrane attack inhibitor, in normal human tissues
S Meri1, H Waldmann, P J Lachmann
1Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Summary
Protectin (CD59) is a glycoprotein that prevents complement-mediated cell damage. It is expressed on blood cells, endothelia, epithelia, and placenta, protecting tissues and the fetus.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Complement System
Background:
- Protectin (CD59) is an 18-20 kDa glycoprotein.
- It inhibits lysis mediated by the membrane attack complex of the complement system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the distribution and expression of protectin (CD59) in various human tissues.
- To understand the protective role of protectin in different cellular and tissue environments.
Main Methods:
- Immunofluorescence microscopy was employed to detect protectin expression.
- Analysis of protectin localization on cell membranes and in tissues.
Main Results:
- Protectin is widely distributed on human blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes).
- Expression was observed in vascular endothelia, extravascular tissues, and ductal epithelia (pancreas, biliary, salivary systems, bronchi, kidney collecting ducts).
- Protectin is also present in the epidermis and placental syncytiotrophoblast.
Conclusions:
- Protectin (CD59) expression is widespread across various human cell types and tissues.
- Its presence in endothelia, epithelia, and placenta suggests a crucial role in protecting autologous tissues and the fetoplacental unit from complement-mediated damage.