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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat
13:50

Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat

Published on: February 5, 2011

[Cerebral infarction after cocaine use].

M Hoebert1, M P W A Houben, B P W Jansen

  • 1St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, afd. Neurologie, Postbus 90.151, 5000 LC Tilburg. mhoebe@elisabeth.nl

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|January 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Cocaine use can lead to ischemic stroke in young adults, causing neurological deficits. Recognizing cocaine as a cause is crucial for preventing recurrent strokes by encouraging cessation.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Cocaine is a stimulant drug with known cardiovascular risks.
  • Stroke incidence is increasing in younger populations.
  • Understanding drug-induced neurological events is critical.

Observation:

  • Three young patients (29, 38, 40 years) experienced ischemic stroke post-cocaine use.
  • Neurological deficits and imaging lesions (CT/MRI) were observed.
  • Patients had co-existing substance use (cigarettes, alcohol).

Findings:

  • Cocaine use is linked to ischemic stroke, potentially via vasoconstriction and increased platelet aggregation.
  • Cocaine can also induce hemorrhagic stroke, indicating diverse vascular complications.

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Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery
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Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat
13:50

Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat

Published on: February 5, 2011

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery
08:14

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery

Published on: July 31, 2014

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

  • Neurological sequelae persisted despite recovery.

    • Implications:

    • Increased cocaine use may lead to a rise in related stroke cases.
    • Early recognition of cocaine-induced stroke is vital for patient management.
    • Cocaine cessation is key to preventing recurrent cerebrovascular events.