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Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye

Published on: July 5, 2022

[The 'Veenhuizen ophthalmia'].

¹Het Oogziekenhuis Rotterdam, BH Rotterdam.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde

|January 16, 2007

Summary

A mysterious eye disease, later identified as trachoma, affected 15% of inmates in Dutch welfare institutions in 1860. Improved hygiene and reduced overcrowding around 1900 led to a significant decline in infection rates.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Public Health
Medical History

Context:

In 1860, Dutch welfare institutions in Veenhuizen housed over 5000 orphans and former beggars.
These institutions faced a severe outbreak of an unidentified eye disease.
Living conditions included close proximity, shared items, and poor sanitation.

Purpose:

To investigate the cause of a mysterious eye disease outbreak in a large institutionalized population.
To identify the prevalence and contributing factors of the disease.
To recommend interventions for disease control.

Summary:

Ophthalmologist Herman Snellen investigated the outbreak, identifying 788 (15%) cases of trachoma.
Poor hygiene and overcrowding were identified as primary risk factors.

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Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

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Initial hygiene improvements were limited, with significant prevalence reduction occurring later.

Impact:

The study highlighted the link between living conditions and infectious eye diseases like trachoma.
Recommendations for hygiene improvements were made, though full implementation was delayed.
The eventual decline in trachoma prevalence suggests the importance of sanitation and reduced density in disease control.