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Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Waterborne viruses associated with repeated abortion.

N A El-Esnawy1, M A Ali, F S Bayoumi

  • 1Environmental Virology Lab, Department of Water Pollution Researches, National Research Centre, 12311 Dokki. nesnawy@mailcity.com

The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association
|January 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Waterborne viruses, including Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and coxsackieviruses, were investigated for their role in recurrent spontaneous abortions. HEV RNA was detected in 16% of aborted women, suggesting a potential link to pregnancy loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a complex condition with various potential etiologies.
  • Waterborne viruses are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and enteroviruses, such as coxsackieviruses, are waterborne pathogens with potential systemic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of waterborne viruses, specifically HEV and enteroviruses, in recurrent spontaneous abortions.
  • To detect viral presence in maternal serum and fetal tissues of women experiencing repeated abortions.
  • To trace potential sources of virus transmission in wastewater.

Main Methods:

  • Maternal blood serum and fetal tissues from women with recurrent abortions were analyzed.
  • Control samples from women with full-term deliveries were used for comparison.
  • Samples were tested for HEV and enteroviruses using cell culture, ELISA, dot-ELISA, and RT-PCR.
  • Wastewater samples were collected and analyzed for HEV and enteroviruses, with specific focus on coxsackieviruses.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was detected in aborted women's sera: 22% IgG, 3% IgM, 20% HEV-antigen (Ag), and 16% HEV-RNA by RT-PCR.
  • HEV-Ag was found in 5% of fetal tissues.
  • Coxsackievirus types 2, 3, 4, and 5 were identified in serum and wastewater samples.
  • Urea arginine phosphate buffer (U-APB) showed better HEV concentration efficiency than PEG-8000, though neither was highly efficient.

Conclusions:

  • Waterborne viruses, particularly HEV and coxsackieviruses, may play a role in recurrent spontaneous abortions.
  • Detection of HEV RNA in aborted women and HEV-Ag in fetal tissues suggests a potential causal link.
  • Wastewater surveillance can help identify potential sources of viral transmission relevant to reproductive health outcomes.