[Acute risk factors for the onset of acute coronary syndromes]
1Odjel za kardiologiju, Klinika za unutarnje bolesti, Klinicka bolnica Split, Split, Hrvatska. viktor.culic@st.htnet.hr
Insights
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is often triggered by daily events like morning hours, stress, or large meals. Understanding these acute risk factors can help prevent heart events.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Preventive Cardiology
Context:
- Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) contributes significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
- Daily activities and environmental factors can acutely increase ACS risk within hours.
- Understanding these triggers is crucial for effective prevention strategies.
Purpose:
- To define and categorize acute risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
- To explore the role of circadian rhythms and external triggers in ACS onset.
- To review preventive measures against acute risk factors.
Summary:
- Acute risk factors, including morning hours, physical exertion, emotional stress, and large meals, precipitate ACS onset.
- External triggers precede about half of ACS cases, with emotional stress being more prominent in women.
- Circadian rhythms contribute to the morning peak in ACS incidence.
Impact:
- Regular physical activity and medications like beta-blockers and aspirin can prevent ACS triggered by acute risk factors.
- Identifying more acute risk factors and understanding internal mechanisms will enhance ACS prevention.
- Improved prevention strategies can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Abstract:
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an important entity of the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Everyday circumstances which significantly increase the risk of the onset of ACS during the period of several hours have been termed acute risk factors. This term includes morning hours and various possible external triggers such as heavy physical exertion, emotional stress, sexual activity, meteorological stress, and large meals. Possible external triggers precede approximately a half of the onsets of ACS, more frequently in men. Conversely, emotional stress plays a more important role in the triggering of ACS in women. Circadian rhythm represents an independent natural pattern of endogenous functions which is responsible for the morning excess in the incidence of ACS. A beneficial effect of regular physical activity and use of beta-blocker, calcium antagonists, nitrates and aspirin in the prevention of triggering ACS by acute risk factors has been described. Identification of further acute risk factors and better understanding of internal triggering mechanisms may improve the prevention of ACS and other cardiovascular incidents.
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