Cocaine immunotoxicity: abnormal cytokine production in Hispanic drug users

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 47 Hispanic poly-drug users with a history of cocaine abuse were analyzed for in vitro production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma-interferon (IFN) and plasma levels of soluble IL-2 receptor (SIL-2R). Cocaine use was confirmed and quantified by analysis of hair and urine samples, and subjects were grouped into 3 based on the extent of cocaine metabolites detected. No significant differences in IL-1 and IFN production were seen between the 3 groups. However, subjects with higher levels of cocaine in hair also showed higher levels of IL-2. In addition, a positive correlation was seen between cocaine concentrations and IL-2 levels. A corresponding negative correlation was seen between cocaine levels and levels of plasma SIL-2R. These findings suggest modulation of the IL-2 network by cocaine in poly-drug users.