Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Associative Learning

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Brain Abnormalities in Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Evaluation by Voxel-Based DTI and Morphometric Analysis.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2023

Same author

Brain structural changes in alternating hemiplegia of childhood using single-case voxel-based morphometry analysis.

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·2023

Same author

The PapB/FocB family protein TosR acts as a positive regulator of flagellar expression and is required for optimal virulence of uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>.

Frontiers in microbiology·2023

Same author

Relationship between the tau protein and choroid plexus volume in Alzheimer's disease.

Neuroreport·2023

Same author

Double inversion recovery MRI of subcortical band heterotopia and its variations.

Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging·2023

Same author

Differential In Vivo Effects on Cancer Models by Recorded Magnetic Signals Derived From a Healing Technique.

Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

Neural correlates for learning to read Roman numerals.

Nobuo Masataka¹, Takashi Ohnishi, Etsuko Imabayashi

¹Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan. masataka@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Brain and Language

|January 16, 2007

Summary

Learning to read Roman numerals activates brain networks for numerical processing. Extensive practice refines this activity, specifically in the left prefrontal cortex, impacting numerical ability models.

More Related Videos

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Published on: February 20, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Published on: February 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Neuroimaging

Background:

The brain's processing of numerical information is complex.
Understanding how novel symbol-to-number systems are learned is crucial for cognitive models.
Roman numerals offer a unique system for studying the acquisition of numerical representation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the brain activity associated with learning and reading Roman numerals.
To examine how extensive practice alters the neural correlates of Roman numeral processing.
To refine existing models of numerical cognition based on observed brain changes.

Main Methods:

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to scan subjects.
fMRI scans were conducted multiple times on the first day and after a two-to-three-month practice period.
Brain activation patterns were compared across different levels of practice and over time.

Main Results:

Initial learning of Roman numerals engaged a network of brain areas involved in numerical processing.
With practice, a significant change in neuronal activity was observed in the left mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
This specific brain region showed altered activation patterns following extensive training.

Conclusions:

The brain rapidly adapts to new symbolic numerical systems.
Practice-related neural changes in specific prefrontal regions are key to mastering Roman numeral reading.
Findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the neuronal basis of elementary numerical abilities.