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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
04:08

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Published on: April 5, 2024

Carpal kinematics after proximal row carpectomy.

Brad D Blankenhorn1, H James Pfaeffle, Peter Tang

  • 1Musculoskeletal Imaging and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|January 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) alters wrist kinematics, decreasing overall motion but increasing radiocarpal joint motion. Despite limitations in radial deviation, the preserved range of motion after PRC is sufficient for daily activities.

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
04:08

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Published on: April 5, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanics
  • Hand and wrist anatomy

Background:

  • Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is a common wrist surgery for degenerative conditions.
  • Studies show post-PRC wrist motion averages 60% of the contralateral wrist.
  • Understanding kinematic changes after PRC is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the kinematic alterations in the wrist following proximal row carpectomy (PRC).
  • To quantify changes in joint motion and articulation after PRC using 3D modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans of 8 cadaver forearms before and after PRC.
  • 3D computer models generated from CT data to analyze carpal bone kinematics.
  • Dynamic and static positioning to capture wrist motion in multiple planes.

Main Results:

  • Overall wrist motion reduced significantly in flexion (28%), extension (30%), and radial deviation (40%).
  • Radiocarpal joint motion increased post-PRC, particularly in flexion and extension.
  • Radial deviation was limited by trapezoid-radial styloid impingement; motion shifted from rotation to translation.

Conclusions:

  • PRC decreases wrist flexion and extension but preserves ulnar deviation.
  • Radial deviation is limited post-PRC due to specific bony impingement.
  • The observed radiocarpal range of motion post-PRC meets the requirements for activities of daily living.