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Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats
11:01

Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

Published on: December 14, 2014

Preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial.

R Louise Floyd1, Mark Sobell, Mary M Velasquez

  • 1National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. rlf3@cdc.gov

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|January 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A brief motivational intervention significantly reduced the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies (AEP) in women. This intervention focused on reducing risk drinking and improving contraception use, showing twofold greater odds of reduced AEP risk.

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Published on: April 24, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Reproductive Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Prenatal alcohol exposure is a primary preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities.
  • Alcohol-exposed pregnancies (AEP) pose significant public health challenges in the United States.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention in reducing the risk of AEP.
  • To target preconceptional women engaging in risk drinking and/or ineffective contraception use.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 830 women aged 18-44 at risk for AEP.
  • Participants were randomized to receive either information plus a brief motivational intervention or information only.
  • The intervention included counseling sessions and contraception services.

Main Results:

  • The intervention group demonstrated twofold greater odds of reduced AEP risk at 3, 6, and 9 months.
  • Odds ratios for reduced AEP risk were 2.31, 2.15, and 2.11 at 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively.
  • Between-group differences in reduced AEP risk ranged from 14.8% to 18.0% over the follow-up period.

Conclusions:

  • A brief motivational intervention is effective in reducing the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies.
  • Targeting risk drinking and contraception use in preconceptional women can mitigate AEP risk.